Abstract Wave Equations and Associated Dirac-type Operators

WAVE EQUATIONS AND ASSOCIATED DIRAC-TYPE OPERATORS FRITZ GESZTESY, JEROME A. GOLDSTEIN, HELGE HOLDEN, AND GERALD TESCHL Abstract. We discuss the unitary equivalence of generators GA,R associated with abstract damped wave equations of the type ü+Ru̇+A∗Au = 0 in some Hilbert spaceH1 and certain non-self-adjoint Dirac-type operatorsQA,R (away from the nullspace of the latter) in H1 ⊕ H2. The operator QA,R represents a non-self-adjoint perturbation of a supersymmetric self-adjoint Dirac-type operator. Special emphasis is devoted to the case where 0 belongs to the continuous spectrum of A∗A. In addition to the unitary equivalence results concerning GA,R and QA,R, we provide a detailed study of the domain of the generator GA,R, consider spectral properties of the underlying quadratic operator pencil M(z) = |A|2− izR− zIH1 , z ∈ C, derive a family of conserved quantities for abstract wave equations in the absence of damping, and prove equipartition of energy for supersymmetric self-adjoint Dirac-type operators. The special example where R represents an appropriate function of |A| is treated in depth and the semigroup growth bound for this example is explicitly computed and shown to coincide with the corresponding spectral bound for the underlying generator and also with that of the corresponding Dirac-type operator. The cases of undamped (R = 0) and damped (R 6= 0) abstract wave equations as well as the cases A∗A ≥ εIH1 for some ε > 0 and 0 ∈ σ(A∗A) (but 0 not an eigenvalue of A∗A) are separately studied in detail. We discuss the unitary equivalence of generators GA,R associated with abstract damped wave equations of the type ü+Ru̇+A∗Au = 0 in some Hilbert spaceH1 and certain non-self-adjoint Dirac-type operatorsQA,R (away from the nullspace of the latter) in H1 ⊕ H2. The operator QA,R represents a non-self-adjoint perturbation of a supersymmetric self-adjoint Dirac-type operator. Special emphasis is devoted to the case where 0 belongs to the continuous spectrum of A∗A. In addition to the unitary equivalence results concerning GA,R and QA,R, we provide a detailed study of the domain of the generator GA,R, consider spectral properties of the underlying quadratic operator pencil M(z) = |A|2− izR− zIH1 , z ∈ C, derive a family of conserved quantities for abstract wave equations in the absence of damping, and prove equipartition of energy for supersymmetric self-adjoint Dirac-type operators. The special example where R represents an appropriate function of |A| is treated in depth and the semigroup growth bound for this example is explicitly computed and shown to coincide with the corresponding spectral bound for the underlying generator and also with that of the corresponding Dirac-type operator. The cases of undamped (R = 0) and damped (R 6= 0) abstract wave equations as well as the cases A∗A ≥ εIH1 for some ε > 0 and 0 ∈ σ(A∗A) (but 0 not an eigenvalue of A∗A) are separately studied in detail.